One of the most complex doctrines in contemporary
international law, jus cogens is the immediate product of the socialization of
the international community following the Second World War. However, the
doctrine resonates in a centuries-old legal tradition which constrains the
dynamics of voluntarism that characterize conventional international law. To
reconcile this modern iteration of individual-oriented public order norms with
the traditionally state-based form of international law, Thomas Weatherall
applies the idea of a social contract to structure the analysis of jus cogens into
four areas: authority, sources, content and enforcement. The legal and
political implications of this analysis give form to jus cogens as the product
of interrelation across an individual-oriented normative framework, a
state-based legal order, and values common to the international community as a
whole.